Gastrointestinal symptoms in relation to quality of life after metabolic surgery in adolescents

BackgroundAdolescent obesity is associated with significant co-morbidities, including decreased quality of life (QOL). QOL improves after metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS), but recent studies have demonstrated that certain gastrointestinal symptoms (GIS) worsen after surgery, including reflux symptoms, nausea, bloating, and diarrhea.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate QOL and the effect of these symptoms on QOL after bariatric surgery.SettingFive academic centers that perform adolescent MBS in the United States.MethodsWe prospectively studied 228 adolescents undergoing MBS using the Teen-Longitudinal Assessment of Bariatric Surgery cohort. GIS and QOL scores were assessed before surgery, at 6 months, and yearly to 5 years after surgery. Analysis involved linear models examining QOL and the association between GIS and QOL adjusting for a priori determined covariates.ResultsAdjusting for body mass index change over time, the physical component score (PCS) of the Short Form-36 (SF-36) increased after surgery from 44.2 at baseline to 54.4 at 5 years (P < .0001). The mental component score did not significantly change over time. The SF-36 domains that showed the biggest increase after surgery were physical functioning, physical role functioning, and general health. The SF-36 PCS decreased significantly over time post surgery in those with GIS of reflux, nausea, and diarrhea but remained higher than baseline SF-36 PCS. There was no statistically significant change in mental component score or impact of weight on quality of life-KIDS scores in those with or without GIS.ConclusionQOL, specifically the SF-36 PCS, increases after MBS. Reflux symptoms, nausea, and diarrhea reduce the degree of improvement in QOL in adolescents after MBS. Patients should be monitored and treated for these symptoms to address this decreased QOL.     

回眸2019--聚焦胃肿瘤的研究进展

目前胃部肿瘤以胃癌、胃肠间质瘤和胃神经内分泌肿瘤最为常见。2019年胃癌的腹腔镜手术方面,一系列的研究成果均显示,微创手术在早期胃癌治疗中的安全性以及进展期胃癌的肿瘤学疗效都与传统开放手术相似,为腹腔镜手术在胃癌治疗中的推广提供了高级别循证医学依据。胃癌综合治疗方面,也有重大研究结果公布,我国的临床研究也逐渐得到国际上的认可和关注。靶向治疗和免疫治疗的应用虽有进展,但在胃癌术后的一线治疗尚未能得到认可。胃肠间质瘤领域,腹腔镜手术也逐渐得到推广,晚期耐药患者手术治疗仍有其价值。胃神经内分泌肿瘤方面,最新研究显示,手术方式应根据肿瘤特性来加以选择,胃癌若合并神经内分泌肿瘤成分则可能预后更差。     

高危胃肠间质瘤的临床病理特征及预后分析

目的分析高危胃肠间质瘤（GIST）临床特征及预后影响因素。 方法回顾性分析2009年8月至2016年2月乐山市人民医院收治的241例高危GIST患者临床资料,分析其临床特征及预后影响因素。 结果男女比例为1.131,年龄构成以中老年为主,40岁以上人群构成比达90.87%（219/241）。原发部位以胃和小肠为主,胃50例（20.75%）,小肠121例（50.21%）。首发症状以消化道症状为主,临床表现不典型。R0切除232例（96.27%）,术后复发转移率为25.31%（61/241）,1、3、5年无复发生存率分别为97.23%、86.56%和75.86%,无复发生存时间为（53.12±13.08）个月。肿瘤最大径（RR=4.780,95% CI：3.716~6.052）、核分裂像（RR=5.411,95% CI：2.195~7.119）是影响高危GIST 5年无复发生存率的独立危险因素,服用靶向药物是保护因素（RR=0.504,95% CI：0.288~0.883）,差异有统计学意义（P<0.001）。 结论高危GIST临床特征不明显,预后受核分裂像、肿瘤最大径和服用靶向药物影响。     

细胞内伊马替尼浓度在胃肠道间质瘤耐药过程中的作用

目的探讨细胞内伊马替尼浓度与胃肠道间质瘤（GIST）耐药性的关系。 方法随机选择南京医科大学第一附属医院2014年12月至2016年4月伊马替尼耐药和敏感的进展期GIST患者各4例,采用液相色谱-串联质谱法（LC-MS/MS）检测细胞内外、组织内与血浆伊马替尼浓度。苏木精-伊红染色和免疫组织化学法观察细胞的形态特征。 结果伊马替尼耐药患者组织内药物浓度比敏感患者的组织内药物浓度低（P<0.05）。与亲代敏感细胞株相比,伊马替尼耐药GIST细胞株中细胞内伊马替尼浓度显著降低,同时细胞形态也发生了变化。 结论低细胞内药物浓度可能是伊马替尼耐药的重要原因,细胞内伊马替尼浓度可能是治疗GIST过程中的关键要素。     

腹腔镜胃楔形切除术与经脐单孔腔镜胃楔形切除术的临床疗效对比分析

目的对比腹腔镜胃楔形切除术与经脐单孔腔镜胃楔形切除术的临床疗效。 方法回顾性选取2016年1月至2019年4月确诊为胃间质瘤且行腹腔镜胃楔形切除术的63例患者进行研究。根据手术方式不同36例行腹腔镜胃楔形切除术患者列为五孔组,将27行经脐单孔腔镜胃楔形切除术患者列为单孔组。采用SPSS 25.0统计学软件进行数据分析,围术期指标、营养指标、生活质量评分等计量资料采用( ±s)表示,组间比较采用独立样本t检验;术后并发症等计数资料组间比较卡方χ²检验;等级计数资料采用秩和检验。P<0.05差异有统计学意义。 结果两组均顺利完成手术,无死亡、中转开腹或转为开腹手术病例,术后病理证实均为R0切除。单孔组手术时间及术中出血量少于五孔组(P<0.05);术后排气时间、住院时间、术后并发症、术后营养指标等,两组差异均无统计学意义。术后3个月单孔组患者生理职(功)能、躯体疼痛优于五孔组(P<0.05),其他生活质量评分差异均无统计学意义。 结论经脐单孔腹腔镜胃楔形切除术疗效较常规腹腔镜胃楔形切除术近似,且具有术时短、出血少、更微创等优势,可在临床中逐步推广应用。     

Development of Mycoplasma pneumoniae biofilms in vitro and the limited role of motility

Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a bacterial pathogen of humans that is a major causative agent of chronic respiratory disease. M. pneumoniae infections often recur even after successful treatment of symptoms with antibiotics, and resistance to antibiotics is increasing worldwide, with nearly complete resistance in some places. Although biofilms often contribute to chronicity and resistance, M. pneumoniae biofilms remain poorly characterized. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that cells of wild-type (WT) M. pneumoniae strain M129 biofilms, as well as mutants II-3 and II-3R, in vitro became increasingly rounded as the biofilm towers matured over 5 days. The role of gliding motility in biofilm formation was addressed by analyzing differences in biofilm architecture in non-motile mutant II-3R and hypermotile mutant prpC-and by using time-lapse microcinematography to measure flux of cells around biofilm towers. There were no major differences in biofilm architecture between WT and motility mutants, with perhaps a slight tendency for the prpC- cells to spread outside towers during early stages of biofilm formation. Consistent with an insignificant role of motility in biofilm development, flux of cells near towers, which was low, was dominated by exit of cells. Immunofluorescence microscopy revealed that motility-associated attachment organelle (AO) proteins exhibited no discernable changes in localization to foci over time, but immunoblotting identified a decrease in steady-state levels of protein P200, which is required for normal gliding speed, as the WT culture aged. Non-adherent strain II-3 and non-motile strain II-3R also exhibited a steady decrease in P200 steady-state levels, suggesting that the decrease in P200 levels was not a response to changes in gliding behavior during maturation. We conclude that M. pneumoniae cells undergo morphological changes as biofilms mature, motility plays no major role in biofilm development, and P200 loss might be related to maturation of cells. This study helps to characterize potential therapeutic targets for M. pneumoniae infections.     

消化道类癌内镜治疗方法的比较

目的 比较内镜黏膜下剥离术（endoscopic submucosal dissection,ESD）、内镜下黏膜切除术（endoscopic mucosal resection,EMR）和深凿活检钳除术治疗消化道类癌的效果.方法 回顾性分析我院2007年1月-2012年12月经病理确诊的49例消化道类癌的临床资料,结合超声内镜检查表现,比较ESD（n=25）、EMR（n=16）和内镜深凿活检钳除（n=8）治疗消化道类癌的组织学完全切除率、并发症及内镜随访情况.结果 内镜治疗消化道类癌的组织学完全切除率为59 2%（29/49）.ESD组的组织完全切除率76.0%（19/25）明显高于EMR组43.8%（7/16）和深凿活检钳除组37.5%（3/8）,差异有统计学意义（P=0.048）,其中ESD组组织完全切除率明显高于EMR组（χ^2=4.374,P=0.036）.直径≥1 cm的11例类癌中,4例（36.4%）组织学不完全切除.组织学不完全切除的20例中,仅3例术前进行了超声内镜检查,占超声内镜检查的15.0%（3/20）;组织学完全切除的29例中,17例进行了超声内镜检查,占超声内镜检查85.0%（17/20）.1例ESD治疗后发生出血,其余患者未出现并发症.22例（44.9%,22/49）随访1-23个月（平均10.4月）,均未复发.结论与EMR相比,ESD在组织完全切除方面更具有优势.超声内镜检查对于术前评估具有重要意义.     

Gastrointestinal stromal tumor of the stomach: preliminary results of preoperative evaluation with CT gastrography

Background To determine whether CT gastrography can be used as a comprehensive imaging modality for the evaluation of gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) of the stomach. Methods Thirty patients with gastric GISTs were included. Using CT gastrography, two radiologists determined the morphology, location, size of the tumor, and the nearest distance from the tumor to the gastroesophageal junction or pylorus in consensus. The ability of 3D CT gastrography in dealing with surface-shaded/transparent images and virtual endoscopic images was also evaluated and compared with the results of barium study and gastroscopy, respectively. Results In regard to lesion morphology and location, almost perfect agreements (κ = 0.87 ∼ 1.00) were achieved between CT gastrography and surgery, and the difference in lesion size between CT and surgery was not statistically significant (P = 0.824). In terms of the distance from the tumor to the gastroesophageal junction or pylorus, a statistically significant difference was found between the laparoscopic and open gastric surgery groups (P < 0.001). Findings on CT gastrography were mostly similar or superior to those seen on barium study and gastroscopy. Conclusions CT gastrography can serve as a comprehensive imaging test for the preoperative evaluation of gastric GIST.     

胃肠道间质瘤c-kit基因全部外显子的突变研究

目的 c-kit基因全部外显子在胃肠道间质瘤疾病中的突变情况,并探讨其意义.方法 收集2010年9月至2012年12月胃肠道间质瘤手术切除标本62例,其中胃间质瘤41例,小肠14例,直肠4例,结肠1例,腹膜2例,年龄20～82岁,男性40例,女性22例,中位年龄54岁,术前筛查均无GIST家族史,患者术前均未接受过放疗或化疗,都是经术中病理报告和最终石蜡切片病理报告确诊的GIST标本.设计特异性PCR引物,用肿瘤组织提取的DNA为模板进行PCR扩增后测序,研究c-kit基因突变在胃肠道间质瘤组织中的突变规律.结果 在62例胃肠道间质瘤组织标本中有53例c-kit基因发生突变,突变率85.5%（53例/62例）,PCR产物突变率为3.8%（62例/1612例）,外显子2突变6例（9.7%）,外显子8突变7例（11.3%）,外显子10突变14例（22.6%）,外显子11突变8例（12.9%）,外显子21突变27例（43.5%）.此外第21号外显子有8例位于c-kit基因第80778位点的C突变成T,有19例位于c-kit基因第80846位点的G突变成A.结论 胃肠道间质瘤中c-kit基因突变率高达85.5%,表明c-kit基因突变可能对胃肠道间质瘤的发生发展起重要作用.